| Romagnolo | |
|---|---|
| Rumagnôl | |
| Spoken in | Italy San Marino |
| Native speakers | 1 million (date missing) |
| Language family | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | rgn |
| Linguasphere | 51-AAA-oki ... okl |
Romagnol is a Romance language mostly spoken in Romagna (Northern Italy, part of the region Emilia-Romagna, Italy), Republic of San Marino and Northern Marche.
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Romagnol is a New Latin language; it's contemporary with Tuscan (which became, in the 13th-15th centuries, the basis of Italian language).
Vulgar Latins evolved through precise phonetical and morphological rules. They all had in common the disappearance of declension.
What distinguishes Romagnol from other languages of Northern Italy is a whole of historical, geographical and cultural conditions:
West of Romagna Emilian language is spoken. The border with Emilian land is torrent Sillaro, who runs 25 km East from Bologna: to the west (Castel San Pietro Terme) Emilian is spoken, to the East Imola, the language is Romagnol.
In Emilia-Romagna, Emilian language is spoken in all the rest of the region moving from Sillaro to the west, up to Piacenza.
Reno River is the border between Romagnol and the dialect of Ferrara.
Romagnol is spoken also in some villages northwards Reno river, as Argenta and Filo, where people of Romagnol origin are living close people of Ferrarese origin.
Ferrara goes into Emilian language territory.
Outside Emilia-Romagna, Romagnol is spoken in the Republic of San Marino ("sammarinese"), in the Marecchia Valley, in the Conca Valley (Montefeltro) and in all the Pesaro e Urbino province.
The first appearance of a Romagnol literary work is "Sonetto romagnolo" by Bernardino Catti, from Ravenna, printed 1502. It's written in Italian mixed with Romagnol.
The first Romagnol poem dates back to the end of 16th century: E Pvlon matt. Cantlena aroica (Mad Nap), a mock-heroic poem based on "Mad Orlando" (Orlando Furioso) and written by an anonymous author from San Vittore di Cesena. XII cantos made up the poem, of which only four first survived (1848 lines).
The first Romagnol poet to won fame was clergy Pietro Santoni, (Fusignano, 1736–1823). He was teacher of Vincenzo Monti, one of the most famous Italian poet of his times.
In 1840 the first Dictionary Romagnol-Italiano was released by Antonio Morri, printed in Faenza.
20th century was absolutely the best for Romagnol literature. Theatre plays and poems reached top level quality.
The best authors to be mentioned are:
The main living Romagnol poet is Tonino Guerra (1920).
Romagnol language has some features that make it different from other Gallo-Italic languages:
| Latin | Romagnol | Italian | English | |
| 1) | Genuculu | ZNOC | ginocchio | knee |
| 2) | Tepidu | TEVVD | tiepido | lukewarm |
| 3) | Oculu | OC | occhio | eye |
| 4) | Frigidu | FREDD | freddo | cold |
There is lexical and syntactic uniformity, while the pronunciation changes when moving from Po Valley to the hills.
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